Jusene's Blog

kustomize kubernetes动态配置管理

kubernetes
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2020/11/01 Share

kustomize

在kustomize出现之前，一直使用helm来管理kubernetes应用管理，这需要学会helm的特定配置语言（go template）,而kustomize的出现就是为了改进这一现象。在kubernetes v1.14之后，kustomize成为kubectl内置子命令。

kustomize成为了kubernetes原生的配置管理，以无模板方式来定制应用的配置，解决了多环境配置差异的问题。

kustomize通过以下几种方式解决：

  • kustomize通过Base & overlays方式维护不同环境的应用配置
  • kustomize使用patch复用base胚子，并在overlay描述与base应用配置的差异部分实现资源复用
  • kustomize管理kubernetes原生yaml文件，不需要额外dsl的学习成本

kustomize术语

  • kustomization
    术语kustomization指的是kustomization.yaml文件，或者指的是包含kustomization.yaml文件的目录以及引用的相关文件路径

  • base
    base指的是一个kustomization，任何kustomization包括overlay都可以作为另一个 kustomization 的 base，base定义了共享内容。

  • overlay
    overlay 声明了与 base 之间的差异。通过 overlay 来维护基于 base 的不同 variants(变体)，例如开发、QA 和生产环境的不同 variants。

  • variant
    variant 是含有同一组 base 的不同 kustomization

  • resource
    指向一个声明了 kubernetes API 对象的 YAML 文件

  • patch
    修改文件的一般说明。文件路径，指向一个声明了 kubernetes API patch 的 YAML 文件

示例

1
.
2
├── base
3
│   ├── deployment.yml
4
│   ├── kustomization.yaml
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│   └── service.yml
6
└── overlays
7
    ├── dev
8
    │   ├── env_patch.yaml
9
    │   ├── kustomization.yaml
10
    │   └── nodeport_patch.yaml
11
    ├── prod
12
    │   ├── config.yaml
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    │   ├── env_patch.yaml
14
    │   ├── kustomization.yaml
15
    │   ├── nodeport_patch.yaml
16
    │   └── resource_patch.yaml
17
    └── test
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        ├── env_patch.yaml
19
        ├── kustomization.yaml
20
        ├── nodeport_patch.yaml
21
        └── resource_patch.yaml

base

  • base/kustomization.yaml
1
commonLabels:
2
  app: app-test
3
resources:
4
  - deployment.yml
5
  - service.yml
  • base/deployment.yml
1
apiVersion: apps/v1
2
kind: Deployment
3
metadata:
4
  labels:
5
    run: app-test
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  name: app-test
7
spec:
8
  replicas: 1
9
  selector:
10
    matchLabels:
11
      run: app-test
12
  template:
13
    metadata:
14
      labels:
15
        run: app-test
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    spec:
17
      containers:
18
      - image: app-test
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        name: app-test
  • base/service.yml
1
apiVersion: v1
2
kind: Service
3
metadata:
4
  labels:
5
    run: app-test
6
  name: app-test
7
spec:
8
  ports:
9
  - port: 80
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    protocol: TCP
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    targetPort: 80
12
  selector:
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    run: app-test
1
~]# kubectl kustomize base
2
3
apiVersion: v1
4
kind: Service
5
metadata:
6
  labels:
7
    app: app-test
8
    run: app-test
9
  name: app-test
10
spec:
11
  ports:
12
  - port: 80
13
    protocol: TCP
14
    targetPort: 80
15
  selector:
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    app: app-test
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    run: app-test
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---
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apiVersion: apps/v1
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kind: Deployment
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metadata:
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  labels:
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    app: app-test
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    run: app-test
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  name: app-test
26
spec:
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  replicas: 1
28
  selector:
29
    matchLabels:
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      app: app-test
31
      run: app-test
32
  template:
33
    metadata:
34
      labels:
35
        app: app-test
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        run: app-test
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    spec:
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      containers:
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      - image: app-test
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        name: app-test

dev

  • dev/kustomization.yaml
1
bases:
2
- ../../base
3
patchesStrategicMerge:
4
- nodeport_patch.yaml
5
- env_patch.yaml
  • dev/env_patch.yaml
1
apiVersion: apps/v1
2
kind: Deployment
3
metadata:
4
  name: app-test
5
spec:
6
  template:
7
    spec:
8
      containers:
9
      - name: app-test
10
        env:
11
          - name: DEBUG
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            value: "1"
  • dev/nodeport_patch.yaml
1
apiVersion: v1
2
kind: Service
3
metadata:
4
  name: app-test
5
spec:
6
  ports:
7
  - port: 80
8
    protocol: TCP
9
    targetPort: 80
10
  type: NodePort
1
kubectl kustomize dev
2
3
apiVersion: v1
4
kind: Service
5
metadata:
6
  labels:
7
    app: app-test
8
    run: app-test
9
  name: app-test
10
spec:
11
  ports:
12
  - port: 80
13
    protocol: TCP
14
    targetPort: 80
15
  selector:
16
    app: app-test
17
    run: app-test
18
  type: NodePort
19
---
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apiVersion: apps/v1
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kind: Deployment
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metadata:
23
  labels:
24
    app: app-test
25
    run: app-test
26
  name: app-test
27
spec:
28
  replicas: 1
29
  selector:
30
    matchLabels:
31
      app: app-test
32
      run: app-test
33
  template:
34
    metadata:
35
      labels:
36
        app: app-test
37
        run: app-test
38
    spec:
39
      containers:
40
      - env:
41
        - name: DEBUG
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          value: "1"
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        image: app-test
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        name: app-test

test

  • test/kustomization.yaml
1
bases:
2
- ../../base
3
patchesStrategicMerge:
4
- nodeport_patch.yaml
5
- env_patch.yaml
6
- resource_patch.yaml
7
namespace: app-test
  • test/env_patch.yaml
1
apiVersion: apps/v1
2
kind: Deployment
3
metadata:
4
  name: app-test
5
spec:
6
  template:
7
    spec:
8
      containers:
9
      - name: app-test
10
        env:
11
          - name: TEST
12
            value: "1"
  • test/nodeport_patch.yaml
1
apiVersion: v1
2
kind: Service
3
metadata:
4
  name: app-test
5
spec:
6
  ports:
7
  - port: 80
8
    protocol: TCP
9
    targetPort: 80
10
  type: NodePort
  • test/resource_patch.yaml
1
apiVersion: apps/v1
2
kind: Deployment
3
metadata:
4
  name: app-test
5
spec:
6
  template:
7
    spec:
8
      containers:
9
      - name: app-test
10
        resources:
11
            limits:
12
              cpu: 100m
13
              memory: 100Mi
14
            requests:
15
              cpu: 100m
16
              memory: 100Mi
1
kubctl kustomize test
2
3
apiVersion: v1
4
kind: Service
5
metadata:
6
  labels:
7
    app: app-test
8
    run: app-test
9
  name: app-test
10
  namespace: app-test
11
spec:
12
  ports:
13
  - port: 80
14
    protocol: TCP
15
    targetPort: 80
16
  selector:
17
    app: app-test
18
    run: app-test
19
  type: NodePort
20
---
21
apiVersion: apps/v1
22
kind: Deployment
23
metadata:
24
  labels:
25
    app: app-test
26
    run: app-test
27
  name: app-test
28
  namespace: app-test
29
spec:
30
  replicas: 1
31
  selector:
32
    matchLabels:
33
      app: app-test
34
      run: app-test
35
  template:
36
    metadata:
37
      labels:
38
        app: app-test
39
        run: app-test
40
    spec:
41
      containers:
42
      - env:
43
        - name: TEST
44
          value: "1"
45
        image: app-test
46
        name: app-test
47
        resources:
48
          limits:
49
            cpu: 100m
50
            memory: 100Mi
51
          requests:
52
            cpu: 100m
53
            memory: 100Mi

原文作者：Zhang Jusene

原文链接：http://jusene.github.io/2020/11/01/kustomize/

发表日期：November 1st 2020, 6:06:27 pm

更新日期：November 1st 2020, 8:55:56 pm

版权声明：本文采用知识共享署名-非商业性使用 4.0 国际许可协议进行许可

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  1. 1. kustomize
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    1. 2.1. 示例
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